The testes are two glandular organs, suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cords. Scrotum is a cutaneous pouch, which contains the testes and parts of the spermatic cords. At an early period of fetal life the testes are contained in the abdominal cavity, behind the peritoneum. The testes are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for generating sperm. Within the testes are coiled masses of tubes called semniferous tubules. These tubules are responsible for producing the sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis.

The testes are suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cords, the left testis hanging somewhat lower than the right one. Two layers cover the testis. The outer layer is the tunica vaginalis and is derived from the peritoneum and the inner layer is the tunica albuginea, which is a fibrous capsule. Each lobule contains one to four coiled seminiferous tubules. These are the sites of sperm synthesis. Surrounding the seminiferous tubules are the interstitial cells, or Leydig cells. These cells produce testosterone.

The testis is composed of tightly coiled seminiferous tubules. where the production of sperms takes place.The testis produces the thick white fluid called semen in which the sperms are present. Sperms when unite with the ovum in the Uterus of the females causes fertilization of the egg which helps in reproduction in humans.It produces the male sex hormone, testosterone which is important in developing secondary sexual characters in males such as beard, voice etc.

Cryptorchidism (or undescended testes) Testicular cancer Testicular torsion Orchitis Hypogonadism Epididymitis Testicular trauma